Biography:

Dr. Yali Zhao received her M.D and Ph.D in China, undertook her post-doc training in neuroscience at Clinical Research Institute of Montreal in Canada. Her research is focused on neural circuits and synaptic plasticity in memory and reproduction. She currently serves as a research scientist in the Department of Physiology at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA studying the development and plasticity of the gonadotropin-releasing-hormone neuronal system in zebrafish. She has published over 20 articles in peer-reviewed journals and also served as reviewer for numerous journals.

Abstract:

Understanding the biology of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal system is the key towards understanding the mechanism of central control of reproduction. In zebrafish, two forms of GnRH have been identified: GnRH2 and GnRH3. Here we have generated a transgenic zebrafish model system in which the GnRH3 promoter drove the expression of a bright variant of the green fluorescent protein (GnRH3:EMD).The unprecedented sensitivity allowed us to detect and image GnRH3 neurons dynamically during early embryogenesis in the transparent embryo. Using time-lapse confocal imaging to monitor the time course of the GnRH3:EMD expression in vivo, we described multiple populations of GnRH3:EMD neurons with details of emergence, development and interaction, including in the terminal nerve (TN) associated with the olfactory region, hypothalamus (HYPO), preoptic area (POA), and trigeminal ganglion (TG). Immunohistochemistry of synaptic vesicle protein 2 (SV2) suggests that the potential for synaptic transmission is occurring during early development of the GnRH3 neural network. Further, we successfully recorded electrical activity from TN-GnRH3 neurons in live embryos as early as 48 hours post fertilization. We found that neuron maturation was related to the pattern of the electrical activity. Kisspeptin is a neuropeptide essential for pubertal maturation and fertility. With the combination of electrophysiology and confocal imaging analysis, we further explored the effect of kisspeptin on the morphological and electrophysiological development of the GnRH3 neuronal system. Our findings suggest that kisspeptin regulates both the morphology and electrical activity of multiple populations of GnRH neurons within a complex neural network during zebrafish embryogenesis.

Biography:

Cédric Zimmer completed his PhD in 2010 at Strasbourg University in France. He is currently a research fellow at the School of Psychology and Neuroscience of the Univserity of St Andrews. He is mainly interested by the consequences of stress in animal models and particularly on the long-term effects of early life stress on brain, physiology and behaviour. He has published several papers in reputed journals. (Up to 100 words) Karen Spencer is currently a Lecturer within the School of Psychology and Neuroscience of the Univserity of St Andrews. Prior to this she held a BBSRC David Phillips Research Fellowship between 2007- 2014 at the Univresities of Glasgow and St Andrews. Karen is mainly interested in how early life experiences can shape long-term phenotypic traits, using an integrative approach which spans behaviour, physiology and neuroendocrinology. Karen currently leads the Mechanismsm of Behaviour research group (MoB url: https://mobgroup.wp.st-andrews.ac.uk/), which consisits of two postdoctoral fellows, five PhD students and a full time Technician.

Abstract:

Stress exposure during early-life is usually associated with detrimental effects on health and wellbeing. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is one of the primary targets of this programming, which generally results in a hyperactive HPA axis and increased levels of anxious behaviours. Most research focused on these harmful effects. However, the environmental-matching hypothesis proposes that developmental stress programs physiology and behaviour in an adaptive way that can enhance fitness if early environments match those experienced later in life. We tested the potential beneficial effects that stress experienced during pre-natal development may have on adults at the neuroendocrine and behavioural level. We determined the effects of exposure to increased corticosterone during pre-natal development over two generations by quantifying: glucocorticoid (GR) and the mineralocorticoid (MR) receptor mRNA expression in the hippocampus, hypothalamus and pituitary gland; the acute CORT stress response and exploration in a stressful novel environment. We showed that pre-natal stress modified GR and MR expression in accordance with a more efficient negative-feedback within the HPA axis resulting in an attenuated stress response. In return these physiological responses mediated increased activity levels and exploration in a novel environment. This phenotype programmed by pre-natal stress was transmitted to offspring independently of their own developmental experience. Pre-natal stress could therefore program phenotypes in a way that may increase fitness when early and later environmental conditions match. This phenotype can also be transmitted to the next generation which may enhance offspring capacity to cope with stressful conditions.

Biography:

Andrew C. Shin received PhD in Neuroscience at Michigan State University in 2008. Thereafter, he worked as a postdoctoral fellow at Pennington Biomedical Research Center and at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. He was promoted to a junior faculty at Mount Sinai in 2013. Dr. Shin is mainly interested in studying how brain controls acute nutrient metabolism as well as long-term energy homeostasis using genetic, molecular, surgical, and integrative physiological approaches. He has published more than 25 papers in peer-reviewed journals like Cell Metabolism, Endocrinology, Neuroscience, and International Journal of Obesity.

Abstract:

Circulating branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) levels are elevated in obese and diabetic individuals, and are the earliest and most predictive marker for risk of diabetes. Furthermore, supplementation of amino acids or BCAAs has been shown to induce insulin resistance in rodents and humans, implicating BCAAs in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Thus, identifying the regulatory mechanisms of BCAAs is critical for understanding their rise seen in obese and/or diabetes. We have shown that insulin dose-dependently lowers plasma BCAAs while glucose per se does not seem to be an important regulator of BCAA metabolism. Insulin induced the hepatic expression and activity of branched-chain α keto-acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH), the rate-limiting enzyme in BCAA degradation pathway. Selective induction of hypothalamic insulin signaling in rats as well as inducible and lifelong genetic modulation of brain insulin receptors in mice demonstrated that brain insulin signaling is a major regulator of BCAA metabolism by inducing hepatic BCKDH. Further, short-term overfeeding impaired the ability of brain insulin to lower circulating BCAA levels in rats. Chronic high-fat feeding in non-human primates and obesity and/or diabetes in humans were associated with reduced hepatic BCKDH protein expression. Lastly, C. elegans that lack insulin receptor homologue (Daf-2) in neurons showed increased BCAAs. These findings demonstrate that neuroendocrine pathways control BCAA homeostasis and these are evolutionarily conserved from worms to mammals. The findings also suggest that hypothalamic insulin resistance may account for impaired BCAA metabolism in obesity and diabetes, and that plasma BCAAs may be a marker for hypothalamic insulin action.

Biography:

Dr. Sasha Shafikhani has completed his PhD from University of California at Berkeley and postdoctoral studies from University of California at San Francisco. He has published more than 22 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of several reputed journals. As a cellular microbiologist, Dr. Shafikhani focuses his research on immune dysregulation that renders diabetic wound vulnerable to infection and microbiome shift toward pathogenic bacteria. He also studies the virulence strategies that pathogenic bacteria use to drive a diabetic wound toward non-healing chronic state.

Abstract:

Diabetic foot ulcers are the leading cause of lower extremity amputations in the US and are responsible for more hospitalizations than any other complication of diabetes. The sheer number of diabetic ulcers that progress to amputation underscores the inadequacy of conventional therapies and the need for novel approaches. Bacterial infection and hyper-inflammation are two major comorbidities associated with impaired healing in diabetic chronic ulcers. However, the mechanism(s) underlying these effects remain poorly understood. Most studies have focused on old chronic diabetic wounds and found these ulcers to be infected and locked in a hyper-inflammatory mode. However, very little is known about the dynamics of inflammatory responses and infection control early after injury in diabetic wound. We have used a well-established wound model for type II diabetes, (db/db mouse and their normal littermates, C57BL/6), to study the early dynamics of bacterial infection control in diabetic and normal wound tissues. Our data demonstrate that diabetic skin harbors a significantly higher number of bacteria prior to injury and is severely defective in preventing bacterial colonization in a manner that is independent of its initial high bacterial loads. Surprisingly, we have found that unlike chronic diabetic ulcers which are known to be in a persistent inflammatory state, the acute phase of inflammation, which is needed to counter invading pathogens, is significantly delayed in diabetic wounds early after injury. This delay in inflammatory responses is partly due to reduced chemokine expression and partly due to impaired chemotactic response in diabetic leukocytes during the acute phase of healing early after injury. Our data indicate that reduced inflammatory responses early after injury in diabetic wounds is just as harmful as the persistent and hyper-inflammatory state that dominates diabetic wounds as they become chronic. Importantly, onetime treatment with a pro-inflammatory chemokine, CCL2, was able to jumpstart inflammatory response and significantly stimulated wound healing. Chemokine based therapy may offer an alternative approach to stimulate wound healing in diabetic ulcers.

Biography:

Mary Cataletto M.D. is Professor of Clinical Pediatrics at SUNY at Stony Brook and member of the clinical staff at the Prader Willi Center at Winthrop University Hospital in Mineola, New York. She serves as a member of the scientific advisory committee for the Prader-Willi Association USA and has presented at regional, national and international meetings on the topic of sleep and breathing in Prader-Willi syndrome. Dr. Cataletto is editor in chief of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonology, an international and peer reviewed publication of the Mary Anne Liebert Publishers , Inc.

Abstract:

Prader-Willi Syndrome Center at Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, N.Y. Prader-Will syndrome is a complex, multisystem genetic disorder caused by lack of expression of genes located on the paternally inherited chromosome 15q11.2-q13 region. The phenotype is likely due to hypothalamic dysfunction which is responsible for hyperphagia, temperature instability and multiple endocrine abnormalities including growth hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone deficiencies. Hypersomnolence is an important feature of Prader Willi syndrome, reported in 70 to 100 % of adults with PWS and has been a major focus of clinical research over the past ten years. This presentation will update practitioners on clinical issues surrounding hypersomnolence, sleep disordered breathing and daytime function in individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome.

Biography:

Irma Zamora-Ginez; MA and PhD in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, she is originally from the city of Puebla, México; She is graduate of the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacobyology Chemystry. She is currently coordinator of the Master of Medical and Research and she is member of Nacional System of Research. Her career has focused largely on the research of pathophysiology, genetics and risk factors of diseases affecting Mexican society, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Abstract:

Recently the association of genetic polymorphisms with different diseases has highlighted the importance in the presentation, evolution and prognosis of chronic degenerative diseases, making it a priority to assess the genetic diversity of specific populations. Mexico has a population of extraordinary genetic diversity, which results in populations with a different genetic background; this has not only historical, but also medical importance, because this diversity can affect characteristics of clinical interest and propensity to many diseases. Several studies have reported that type 2 diabetes is a chronic degenerative disease whose presentation is due to different risk factors, with a pathophysiology associated with low-intensity chronic inflammation; however this association depending on polymorphism of proinflammatory cytokines. In this context, our study group has studied the association of -598, -572 and -174 IL-6 polymorphism with the risk of developing diabetes, concluding that in subjects from central Mexico were not found all haplotypes and those associated with a lower risk for diabetes are at lower prevalence. On the other hand, the major complication of diabetes is cardiovascular disease due among others to the presence of oxidative stress, we have recently reported that GPx3 is increased in obese subjects and in subjects with metabolic syndrome, moreover the rs8177409 polymorphism is associated with increased cardiovascular risk measured by Triglyceride/HDL-C index. Currently our study group is conducting studies to determine if the presence of genetic polymorphism of IL6 and GPx3 influence the response of subjects to preventive advice on the risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Biography:

Marco Antônio Peliky Fontes has completed his PhD at the age of 32 years from Federal University of Minas (UFMG), Brazil and Post Doctoral studies from University of Sydney, Australia. He is Associate Professor in the Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics at the UFMG. He has published more than 50 papers in reputed Physiology and Neuroscience journals. Member of the American Physiological Society and INCT Nanobiofar / Brazil. The central area of his research is Cardiovascular Neuroscience with focus in circuits involved in the cardiovascular response to emotional stress and the central contribution of peptides for cardiovascular control.

Abstract:

Maintenance of homeostasis depends upon mechanisms controlling autonomic output. Sympathetic output depends on neuronal activity from different brain regions. Central requirement for changes in sympathetic output must be adjusted to the input signals from neural and humoral factors for an optimum cardiovascular performance. Consequently, abnormal inputs to one or more brain regions involved in the sympathetic control can lead to cardiovascular disease. Contributing factors may involve; abnormal feedforward and feedback mechanisms and altered humoral factors including angiotensinergic and leptinergic inputs. The dorsomedial hypothalamus is a key central region for the control of sympathetic outflow to the cardiovascular system. Recently, the descending sympathetic pathways from dorsomedial hypothalamus have been revealed. Reviewing the descending pathways from dorsomedial hypothalamus we discuss the interactions between mechanisms controlling the sympathetic output to the cardiovascular system and the possible implications in cardiovascular disease. Support: CNPq, FAPEMIG, CAPES.

Biography:

Matteo MARIANO has completed his PhD at the age of 25 years from BOLOGNA University School of Medicine; Specialist in Pediatrics and Pediatric Endocrinology to IRCSS GASLINI hospital Genoa University Specialist in Gastroenterology to L’Aquila University. Partner SIEDP (Italian Society of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology)Partner SIGENP (Italian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition)

Abstract:

The craniopharyngioma and hypothalamic hamartoma are two tumors location in the brain (above)saddle and hypotalamus, with a histologically benign but uncertain behavior. Aim of the study: to value auxo-endocrinological changes to the diagnosis and after surgical and/or medical treatments. Matherial and method: mean of follow-up 7.0±5.2 years. Were studied 25 babies with craniopharyngioma and 1 baby with hypothalamic Hamartoma. For each subject, at diagnosis and during follow-up were detected at least once a year: Height (H),Weight (W) Pubertal development (In females: breast (B), Pubic Hair (PH), Menarche ; in the male: Genital (G), Pubic Hair (PH), Vol.Testicolare). H and W were evaluated by the standards of Tanner et al.; mass index (BMI) was evaluated with the standards of Rolland- Cacher etal. pubertal development was assessed by the standards of Marshalland Tanner. Endocrine features: baseline and / or after stimulation of GH, IGF-I, TSH, FT4, PRL, ACTH, cortisol, DEAS, insulin, E2, T, LH and FSH in pubertal Serum electrolytes, plasma osmolality and urinary. Conclusion: despite adequate replacement therapy, children with craniopharyngioma leave open several issues: High incidence of short stature 2DS (6 / 25 cases) High incidence of obesity (15/25 cases) Marked hyperphagia (binge eating) with difficulty in controlling appetite Increased behavioral disorders and psychosocial. The baby with hypothalamic hamartoma showed only hyperactivity during follow-up.

Biography:

Abraham Haim has his PhD in environmental physiology from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and post-doc, the MRI University of Pretoria South Africa, Zoologist, Eco-physiologist and Chronobiologist. Since 1976 he is a faculty member at the University of Haifa and since 1996 a full professor. Was chair person of several departments, between the years 2002-2008, dean of natural- sciences faculty. Published over 170 papers in pre-reviewed journal and two years ago together with professor Portnov published a book entitled: Light Pollution as a New Risk Factor for Human breast and Prostate Cancers, by Springer. Supervised many M.Sc. and Ph.D. students.

Abstract:

Disappearance of dark nights is the most dramatic change that took place on our plant throughout the 20th century emerging from electrical illumination. The out-come is noted in great changes taking place in human lifestyle as activity extending to 24h/day, seven days a week. No doubt this has a positive effect on our economy and social activity but, what about the environment and our health? We have been studying the effects of Artificial Light at Night (ALAN) on the circadian system, production and secretion of pineal hormone melatonin (MLT), known as a "jack of all traits" among others as an antioxidant, anti-ageing and anti-oncogenic agent. MLT-suppression is wavelength depended where short wavelength illumination (SWI) is effective in MLT-suppression and among SWI natural light emitting diode (LED) has the greatest MLT-suppression. Epigenetically modifications as global DNA Methylation (GDM) are an expression to environmental changes. Results of studies carried out in our center revealed that exposure to ALAN caused GDM-reduction in cells from different organs this hypo-methylation was emerged presumably from MLT-suppression. However, addition of MLT in drinking water during the dark-period reversed the process and GDM level increased. These results support the idea that hormones, in our case MLT, are important mediators between the environment and epigenetically modifications.

Biography:

Beatriz is doing her PhD at the Hospital Irmandade Santa Casa de São Paulo, in Brazil, and will do part of her research at Joslin Center Diabetes. She is endocrinologist at Hospital Samaritano, researcher at Endoclinica, and have been presented a few paper at many congress, as well as having been awarded.

Abstract:

The hospital hyperglycemia is a frequent event initiated in patients with and without diabetes. The glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), provides differentiation between hyperglycemia caused due glycemic variability secondary to other factors of hospitalization or diabetes mellitus without previous diagnosis. Thus, because of the deleterious effects triggered by hyperglycemia, justifies our interest in evaluating the HbA1c and its relationship to clinical outcome of patients admitted, either with or without diagnosis of DM. Objective: To use the HbA1c as a diagnostic and predictive tool outcome of patients with and without diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, performed during hospital stay and its relationship with the hospital complications. Method: Analysis of 100 patients with HbA1c hospital hyperglycemia hospitalized for other clinical disorders. According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) as defined hyperglycemia hospital blood glucose levels above 140 mg / dl. Used HPLC method, employed by Fleury, with certificate from The National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program. Was considered statistically significant at p <0.05. Results: There were 100 patients with mean age of 63.15 years, and 75% had previous diagnosis of DM, and 25% with hyperglycemia, but no previous diagnosis, 52% were diagnosed with DM. Patients without prior diagnosis of DM had HbA1c between 5.8% and 7.5%, with the median length of stay of nine days without complications. Patients with DM who developed complications had HbA1c between 7.3% and 12.4% and accounted for 20% of the study, with hospital stay of 34.5 days. DM patients without complications had HbA1c between 5.9% and 11.5% with length of stay of 11.12 days. Complications included pulmonary infections (50%), septic shock (15%), skin infection (15%), urinary tract infection (10%), kidney (10%). Discussion: Our study demonstrated that the HbA1c was increased in proportion to the increase in complications independent of hospital pathology associated with the patient. The deleterious effects of hyperglycemia and healing compromised immunity, increased oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, increase in pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic factors, enhanced mitogenesis, electrolyte changes, and potential exacerbation of myocardial and cerebral ischaemia, thus providing the increase of these complications. Conclusion: The analysis of HbA1c is presented as an important parameter to evaluate the length of stay and the risk of hospital complications independent of the patient's pathology.

Biography:

Dr. Laxmi S. Inamdar obtained her M.Sc. and Ph.D. degree in Zoology from Karnatak University, Dharwad. Currently, she is Professor and Chairperson of Zoology Department. Her areas of research interest include Endocrinology, Reproduction and Development principally focusing on the sex determination and differentiation. Her group is the first one to show a novel FMFM pattern of temperature dependent-sex determination in the developing embryos of a reptile, Calotes versicolor (Daud.). Currently, her research group is concentrating on: 1) Endocrine and Molecular mechanism of sex determination and differentiation, 2) Wnt signalling during early embryonic development in mouse Mus musculus, 3) Biochemical and Pharmacological Impact of Anabolic - Androgenic Steroids. She has been INSA visiting Scientist to Indian Institute of Science twice. She has published 21 papers in international journals of repute. She has received grants from UGC and DAE, India. She is life member for several scientific bodies. She is the recipient of Best Research Publication Award (2012-13).

Abstract:

In vertebrates, the offspring sex is known to be influenced by a variety of sex-determining mechanisms (SDMs). In birds and mammals, sex is determined at fertilization of zygotes by sex chromosome composition, known as genotypic sex determination (GSD). In some species the gender is dependent on environmental cues, predominantly temperature, often called temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) as reported in fish, amphibians and reptiles. In reptiles with TSD, temperature initiates a cascade of events, involving steroid hormones and culminating in sex determination. How does TSD differ from GSD? It is proposed that sex steroids are the main factor and there is evidence to support that endogenous E2 levels are influencing gene expression in the developing gonad and consequently, sex determination, by up-regulating SF-1 and aromatase expression in the female gonad while decreasing it in the male gonad. Nevertheless, the key role of aromatase and estrogen in the early steps of ovarian differentiation is still controversial in many reptilian species. The Indian garden lizard, Calotes versicolor that lacks heteromorphic sex chromosomes is an excellent model to study the molecular cascades of sex differentiation pathway which exhibits a unique pattern of TSD. The novel sex-determining pattern that we have reported for the first time in this lizard, neither compares to Pattern I [Ia (MF) and Ib (FM)] nor to Pattern II (FMF) and we refer to it as FMFM pattern of TSD. This pattern is likely to have an adaptive significance in maintaining the sex ratio in C. versicolor with increasing global warming. The gonadal expression of ER-α and aromatase enzyme (CYP 19A1) in embryos of this species revealed two protein bands with apparent molecular weight of ~55 kDa and ~45 kDa for ER-α and 58 kDa for aromatase in the total protein extracts of adrenal-kidney-gonadal (AKG) complex suggesting the occurrence of isoforms of ER-α. The increase in expression of ER-α variants and aromatase enzyme during later stages of development divulge responsiveness of AKG to estrogen suggesting the up regulation of estrogen. Further, the apparent surge in endogenous estradiol coincides with the first indication of gonadal sex differentiation at FPT and reveals that estrogen signalling is crucial for sexual differentiation of gonad in this lizard, thereby suggesting the synergistic action of incubation temperature as well as steroid hormones.

Biography:

Professor Aasem Saif has got his PhD from Cairo University. He completed his postgraduate training as a Clinical Fellow at the Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield University (UK), before obtaining his MRCP. He is a member of the European Society of Endocrinology (ESE), European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) and American Diabetes Association (ADA). He currently works as a Professor of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology at Cairo University. He is also a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (FRCPE). He has many international publications in addition to his contribution as an investigator in clinical trials.

Abstract:

Adiponectin is known to be associated with anti-atherosclerotic mechanisms. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) has been shown to correlate well with general atherosclerotic status. It also reflects the cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes. Plasma adiponectin levels were found to be lower in patients with atherosclerotic arterial disease. Decreased plasma adiponectin levels have also been reported in type 2 diabetes and were inversely related to insulin resistance. Some studies have also reported a negatively-significant correlation between adiponectin and carotid IMT, as a marker of atherosclerosis, in patients with type 2 diabetes and suggested that increased carotid IMT in those patients may, in part, be explained by lower plasma adiponectin. But these studies included obese and non-obese patients in the study group and it is not clear to what extent the relationship between plasma adiponectin and carotid IMT could be explained by other risk factors associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. A group of 112 non-obese Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes in addition to 40 age, sex and weight matched normal Egyptian subjects had assessment of their plasma adiponectin and carotid IMT. A non-significant inverse correlation was found between plasma adiponectin and carotid IMT in the study group. Multiple regression analysis revealed that plasma adiponectin was not a determinant of carotid IMT in those patients. These results point to the fact that the previously-reported inverse relation between plasma adiponectin and carotid IMT in type 2 diabetes could be explained, at least partially, by obesity.

Biography:

Robert A.A has published more than 50 research papers in the national and international peer reviewed journals. Currently, working as a Clinical Researcher at Endocrinology and Diabetes Department, Diabetes Treatment Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract:

It is well established that diabetes mellitus is associated with high early mortality, morbidity, vascular complications, and loss of health-related quality of life. In Saudi Arabia, it is emerging as an epidemic of massive proportions, threatening to negate the benefits of modernization and economic revival. According to a recent World Health Organization report, Saudi Arabia has the second highest rate of diabetes in the Middle East region and is seventh highest in the world. The projected number of people living with diabetes in Saudi Arabia is about 7 million, and nearly 3 million people have pre-diabetes, leading to a public health problem. On the other hand, more worrying perhaps, is the rising trend of diabetes observed in Saudi Arabia over recent years, and diabetes has seen an almost 10-fold increase over the past three decades. In addition, Saudi Arabia faces a number of challenges in diabetes management, including rising prevalence, lifestyle transition, delayed diagnosis, lack of awareness, and high cost of treatment. According to earlier studies from Saudi Arabia, many young adults are diagnosed with the devastating disease; therefore, it is recommended that every Saudi aged 30 years or more should be screened for both type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes to comprise the disease. It is clear that the burden diabetes mellitus will have on Saudi Arabia is likely to increase to tragic levels unless a comprehensive epidemic control program/multidisciplinary approach is rigorously executed. Such an approach would include promoting healthy diet, exercise, and active lifestyles as well as curbing obesity. Also, a national prevention program which will screen for diabetes and address the modifiable risk factors at the community level, focusing on high-risk groups, needs to be executed as early as possible.

Biography:

Riyaz Mohammed has completed his post graduation in Internal medicine from Prestigious Deccan College of Medical College and then did his masters in Endocrinology from Texilla American University and Dip in Endocrinology from University of South Wales ,UK . He is the director of Esani Diabetes and Mutlispeciality Research Centre in India. At the young age he was heading the department of medicine and endocrinology at Basvatarakam Indo American Hospital. He has published more than 30 papers in reputed journals and has more than20 oral presentations as speaker to his credit. He has been serving as an editorial board member of repute as Reviewer for Journal of Evidence based Medicine & Health care and Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences.

Abstract:

The increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is a major concern for the health providers. We have done an observation study in the diagnosed IGT patient who received α-glucosidase inhibitor (voglibose), which could prevent the development of type 2 diabetes in high-risk individuals.

Methods: This study was an observational study comprising of voglibose and placebo in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance.60 eligible patients were on the standard diet and taking regular exercise with impaired glucose tolerance were randomly assigned to oral voglibose 0.2 mg three times a day (n=60) or placebo (n=50) in this study. Treatment was continued until participants developed type 2 diabetes (primary endpoint) or normoglycaemia (secondary endpoint). In the final analysis, 60 registered individuals fulfilled the inclusion criteria: 36 were randomly assigned to receive voglibose and 24 placebos (two participants in the placebo group did not take their medication and were excluded). The mean duration of treatment was 48•4 weeks (SD 36•5)—i.e., 45•3 weeks (34•6) for voglibose and 51•6 weeks (37•5) for placebo.

Conclusion: Voglibose, in addition to lifestyle modification, can reduce the development of type 2 diabetes in high risk individuals with impaired glucose tolerance.

Biography:

Miguel Escalante has completed his PhD at the age of 25 years from Universidad de Guadalajara and specialized studies from Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico School of Medicine. Head On the Departament of Endocrinology, in the Natonal West Medical Center of Mexican Institute of Social Security He is the director of Endo-Clinic, an organization for private practice and research protocols. He has published more than 28 Indexed Publications an 12 book chapters, 285 citations to their publications.

Abstract:

Diabetes Prevention Programs have been implemented in our country's health institutions, including by Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS); These programs are intended to reduce the incidence of new cases of Diabetes Mellitus, through the promotion of a healthy lifestyle , including maintaining a healthy weight, food intake caring and encouraging physical activity in the general population. On the Mexican Institute of Social Security, and other health institutions the prevalence and incidence of Diabetes Mellitus is monitored, as well as Diabetes complication

Biography:

Roberta Modica is specialist in Endocrinology and at present works at Federico II University in Naples.

Abstract:

Ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS) is commonly caused by bronchial carcinoid tumors, whose detection can be challenging. Hypercortisolism requires rapidly effective medical therapy to avoid severe complications. We report a case of a 65-year-old woman with EAS due to an ACTH-secreting typical lung carcinoid, successfully and rapidly managed with cabergoline (CAB) and octreotide (OCT) before surgery. She presented with rapidly worsening Cushing’s syndrome and laboratory findings consistent with EAS. Initially the ACTH source was not localized, thereby acute tests with OCT (100 μg subcutaneous, 150 min) and CAB (1 mg oral, 6 h) were performed. Based on the significant reduction of ACTH and cortisol obtained with both tests, a combined medical treatment with OCT (0.05 mg/8 h) and CAB (0.5 mg three times/week) was started. Only 2 weeks after, biochemical data normalized together with cushingoid features. After the rapid fall of cortisol levels, severe urticaria occurred, thus OCT and CAB were withdrawn. Two weeks later urticaria improved but ACTH and cortisol levels increased again. Therefore CAB only was started again (0.5 mg/week), allowing restoration of normal cortisol levels. One month later, a contrast enhanced chest CT scan revealed a left lung nodule and a low-grade neuroendocrine tumor was removed (15 mm, pT1N0). Low doses of CAB and OCT showed a rapid onset of action with long-lasting effect both on clinical and biochemical parameters without any side effect and without recurrence. In summary, CAB and OCT, in mono- or combined therapy, are a safe and effective approach in EAS before surgery.

Biography:

Dr Rajiv Kumar Jaiswal has completed his post graduation in Internal medicine from St. Petersburg State Medical Academy and then to Pursue Pain Management he had completed his Post Graduation Diploma in Anaesthesiology. He is working as a HOD Pain clinic in Esani Diabetes and Mutlispeciality Research Centre in India. He has published more than 10 papers in reputed journals.

Abstract:

Diabetes mellitus is not only characterized by hyperglycemia but it is a clinical syndrome associated with hyperglycemia, which may lead to chronic debilitating problem such as peripheral neuropathy (PN). This review was done to emphasise the importance of diagnosing PN in a clinical setting as PN is characterised by pain and discomfort in lower extremities, loss or absence of protective sensations in the lower limbs which can lead to balance problems, and these patients are at risk of foot ulcerations, and a reduced quality of life in adults with type 2 diabetes. Several methods are available for the evaluation of both subjective and objective measures of peripheral nerve functions. Vileikyte et al. designed a specific scale for neuropathic patients in especially Type 2 diabetes with an aim to measure the problems of foot and its impact of DPN on quality of life. Nabuurs- Franssen et al., in 2005 has described that patients with healed ulcers had a better quality of life than patients with persisting ulcers It is of utmost importance to understand that evaluating PN as a routine practice in a simple way may also play a vitally important role in preventing foot ulcers or fall-related morbidity and mortality in adults with type 2 diabetes. At present there is a need for a trial to address the current situation of DPN in India, where the quality of life of patients with DPN in/or response to a therapy remains to be evaluated.

Biography:

Amal zaghloul Moustafa is working as a professor in clinical pathology hematology, Umm Al-Qura University

Abstract:

Background and objective: Endothelial dysfunction in diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important factor in the pathogenesis of micro and macrovascular complications. We aimed to measure soluble endothelial protein C receptor (sEPCR) and high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) levels as markers of endothelial damage in both types of diabetes mellitus and to determine if they can be used as predictors of vascular complications. Methods: Fifty patients with DM, 20 with type 1 and 30 with type 2 as well as 30 healthy subjects were included. All were subjected to measurement of sEPCR and hsCRP by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results: sEPCR and hsCRP were significantly increased when compared to the control group in both types of DM. sEPCR was a significant predictor of macrovascular complications and thrombosis in type 1 p = 0.02, and p = 0.015, respectively. hsCRP was a significant predictor of macrovascular complications in type 2 p = 0.04. Conclusion: Patients with type 1 and type 2 DM exhibit higher sEPCR and hsCRP levels compared to healthy controls which suggesting endothelial damage. sEPCR could be used as a predictor of macrovascular complications and thrombosis in type 1 DM, whereas, hsCRP might be used as a predictor of macrovascular complications in type 2 DM.

Biography:

Domenico Tavella was graduated in Cardiology at the Verona University in the 2000th. His fields of interest have always been Interventional Cardiology, Acute Coronary Care, Diabetic Coronary Artery Disease and Contrast Induced Nepropathy. Master II Level in Advanced Acute Cardiac Care Therapy at Florence University. Post-Doctoral in Amsterdam on functional evaluation of coronary stenosis, Transradial percutaneous procedures and percutaneous treatment of small coronary vessels. Member of ACCA and EAPCI, Editorial Board Member in Italian and International journals, he has published several papers in reputed journals and has participated as Spiker and Chairman to several Italian and International meeting.

Abstract:

It is well known that Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is the most powerful risk factor for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). More than half the mortality and a vast amount of morbidity in people with DM is related to CAD. A quarter of myocardial revascularization procedures are performed in patients with DM. There are wide differences in the prevalence of CAD in patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes, being more represented in the second both in terms of incidence and severity of coronary involvement and worse intra/extra-hospital prognosis. 38yo-female, type1-diabetic in insulinic-therapy since the age of 8 years was admitted to our institution for a recurrent chest pain. Poor glycaemic control (fasting glucose 158 mg/dL; HbA1c 9.8%), extensive organ damage (already known peripheral vascular disease 5 years ago, severe hypertensive retinopathy 10 years ago treated by Laser-Therapy with current proliferative evolution, EPH-Gestosis), normal kidney function (Creatinin 1,07 mg/dL; GFR 56 ml/min/1.73m2) was evident. Treadmill Test was negative at 90%. CA-MSCT “unexpectedly” showed severe and extensive multifocal coronary disease on both very small LAD and RCA, confirmed by coronary angiography (CA) with successive PCI/DES on LAD and RCA, starting long ASA/Clopidogrel therapy. 3-months CA showed excellent result on LAD and tight intrastent re-stenosis on RCA with distal disease progression, treated by DEB intrastent and DES on distal. The therapy was shifted from ASA/Clopidrogrel to ASA/Prasugrel. While i’m writing, after 14 months since last procedure, the patient, asymptomatic and cardiac event-free, is admitted for temporal stroke and severe kidney failure bringing to dialysis.

Biography:

Ayman A. Al Hayek is working in the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Diabetes Treatment Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract:

Objectives: To explore the impact of insulin pump therapy on treatment satisfaction and glycemic control among patients with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). Methods: This was a 6 months, prospective study conducted among 47, T1DM patients aged 17-24 years who were attended the diabetes clinic during April 2014 to November 2014 at Insulin Pump Clinic, Diabetes Treatment Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The respondents were purposively and conveniently selected and educated about the correct use of the insulin pump device (Paradigm(®) Veo (™) system Medtronic Minimed, Northridge, CA) and they were interviewed using the Arabic version of the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ) at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Demographics, duration of diabetes mellitus and HbA1c were also collected. Results: The mean age of the study cohort was 19.4±1.72 (mean±SD) years. Seventeen were males (36.2%) and 30 were females (63.8%). Compared to baseline significant positive differences were found in treatment satisfaction in both gender and patients those who have higher duration of diabetes mellitus at 6 months. Frequency of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia decreased in female at 6 months and patient those who have shorter duration of diabetes mellitus. Compared to baseline significant positive differences were found in HbA1c among female and those who have shorter duration of diabetes mellitus. Both gender showed significant decreased in insulin necessity at 6 months and those with shorter duration of diabetes mellitus at 6 months. Conclusion: Although MDI is a feasible preference for insulin delivery, the use of insulin pumps also should be considered for patients with T1DM as it increased patients treatment satisfactions, decreased the frequency of hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia and dropped the HbA1c level.

Biography:

Caren HE is working in the The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China

Abstract:

Aims/Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is characterized by dysregulation of immunity, oxidative stress and reduced incretin effects. Experimental studies suggest that glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) might have immuno-modulating effects. We hypothesize that GLP-1 receptor agonist, exendin-4, may reduce inflammatory response in type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: Using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) sampled from 10 type 2 diabetes and 10 sex- and age-matched control subjects and supernatants from PBMC culture, the expression of phospho-mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in CD4+ T helper lymphocytes and monocytes was analysed using flow cytometry. Cytokines/chemokines and superoxide anion before and after treatment with exendin-4 were measured by cytometric bead array and chemiluminesence assay, respectively. Results: Compared to control subjects, PBMC from type 2 diabetes patients showed activated MAPK (P38, JNK and ERK) signaling pathway, elevated superoxide anion, increased proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), and chemokines (CCL5/RANTES and CXCL10/IP-10). These changes were attenuated by exendin-4, possibly through the suppression of p38 MAPK. Conclusions: These results suggest that exendin-4 might down-regulate proinflammatory responses and reduce oxidative stress by suppressing MAPK signaling pathways in type 2 diabetes.

Biography:

Prof. Fatchiyah F., PhD., has completed PhD program at the Graduate University for Advances Studies, School of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Biomechanics, Okazaki, and Aichi, Japan, 2006. She is senior lecturer on molecular genetics at Biology Dept. Faculty of Sciences, Brawijaya University. Malang, Indonesia since 1989 till present; as director of Central Laboratory of Life Sciences, Brawijaya Universiy during 2007-2012; as director of Biosains Laboratory of Brawijaya Universiy, 2012-present, and as a head of SMONAGENES research group with research interest focus on: Nutrigenomics study of Natural Genetics Resources, Molecular Biomechanics of Gene Cascade of Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases and Genes Mapping.

Abstract:

Most of biological signaling pathway was orchestrated at the level of proteins and biological active compounds, that both molecules recognition have ability to interact and modulate molecular mechanisms underlying an organism’s physiological functions. Differentiation of structural and physicochemical properties of bioactive compounds is important factor to determine the biological function. Local Indonesian goat Ethawah breed milk is one of nutritionally enriched dairy breed milk to provide biological function modulation without health risks. Recently our study, we found the high amount of caprine alpha-S2 casein of goat Ethawah breed milk exclusively isolated from 36kDa, and identified the eight of bioactive peptides fragments of caprine alpha-S2 casein by MALDI-TOF analysis. This study focuses on elucidating the biological function of caprine milk alpha-S2 casein protein provides by in vivo, in vitro and in silico analyses. We found that alpha-S2 casein protein in high MG environment inhibits the decreasing of viability due to increasing the proliferation of MC3T3E1pre-osteoblast cell. In animal model, this protein able to down regulated cytokine pro-inflammation on some tissues target and controlled RAGE-AGE signaling pathway related with ROS and oxidative stress. These data also confirmed by in silico analysis, we detected each of bioactive peptide of caprine milk alpha-S2 casein protein has display a wide range of physiological functions as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative, and immunomodulatory mechanism to regulate the cellular and molecular signaling mechanism to promote health life improvement.