Aydin Sav
Acibadem University, Turkey
Title: Invasive, atypical and aggressive pituitary adenomas and carcinomas
Biography
Biography: Aydin Sav
Abstract
Pituitary adenomas can be classified according to pathologic, radiological, or clinical behavior as typical or atypical, invasive or noninvasive, and aggressive or nonaggressive adenomas. World Health Organization classification categorizes pituitary adenomas as typical and atypical. Pathologic features of atypical adenoma are defined as a Ki-67 labeling index greater than 3%, and/or extensive p53 immunoreactivity. Invasive adenomas show pathologic or radiological signs of invasion to the cavernous or sphenoid sinuses, bone, or nasal mucosa. According to clinical behavior, a pituitary adenoma can be either aggressive or nonaggressive, and the use of biomarkers in differentiating aggressive adenomas has a limited place in determining the prognosis. Pituitary carcinomas are rare, show cerebrospinal and/or systemic metastasis; show a higher index of Ki-67 and p53 protein than aggressive adenomas, and they usually are resistant to radiotherapy.