Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

Management & Prevention

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Endocrinology increases the risk of long-term complications. Endocrinology doubles the risk of cardiovascular disease and about 75% of deaths in diabetics are due to coronary artery disease. The primary complications of diabetes due to damage in small blood vessels include damage to the eyes, kidneys, and nerves. Damage to the eyes, known as diabetic retinopathy, is caused by damage to the blood vessels in the retina of the eye. Damage to the kidneys, known as diabetic nephropathy, can lead to tissue scarring, urine protein loss, and eventually chronic kidney disease. Diabetes is a leading cause of kidney failure. At least half of all people with diabetes may have signs of early kidney problems. Damage to the nerves of the body, known as diabetic neuropathy, is the most common complication of diabetes. Diabetes related foot problems may occur, and can be difficult to treat, occasionally requiring amputation.