6^th International Conference on Diabetes and Endocrinology December 05-07, 2016 Dallas, USA

Biography:

Åž Ö KeÅŸkek has completed his education from Istanbul University, Cerahpasa Medical School and Internal Medicine studies from a training and research hospital of Health Ministry in Turkey in 2004. He is Associate Professor of Internal Medicine and the Director of Internal Medicine Clinic of Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital. He has published more than 50 papers in reputed (international and national) journals. He has also more than 100 poster presentations in national and international congresses. He has had education on essential clinical research and good clinical practice. He has been serving as reviewer for more than 20 journals.

Abstract:

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common chronic metabolic disease associated with serious complications and significant economic burden. We aimed to investigate direct medical costs of DM and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). A total of 136 diabetes patients were included in this retrospective study. The study group consisted of 64 patients with DKA and the control group consisted of 72 diabetes patients without any complications. Invoices of all patients were obtained from the billing department of the institute. The direct medical cost of each patient was calculated according to the costs of drugs (oral anti-diabetics, insulin preparations, antibiotics, intravenous fluids), equipments (catheters, syringes, blood glucose strips), and cost of services (hospitalisation fee, venous access, injection, laboratory services, radiological imaging) in United States Dollars. MedCalc 12.7 software program was used for statistical analyses. Patients with DKA were younger than the patients with diabetes mellitus (35.0±11.1 vs. 54.7±13.2, p<0.001). The groups were comparable according to gender (p=0.17). Costs of drugs and equipments of the study and control groups were 165.4±62.2 and 141.9±62.3, respectively. Costs of services were 323.6±141.3 and 253.6±115.0, respectively. Both of the costs were higher in patients with DKA. The differences were statistically significant (p=0.03, p=0.002, respectively) HbA1c levels were higher in DKA group (10.2±1.1 vs 9.4±1.4; p<0.001). HLOS (hospital stay) of groups were comparable (4.3±1.5 vs 4.5±1.0 days; p=0.3). Diabetes imposes a high economic burden on individuals and societies since a substantial amount of money is spent for this disease and its complications worldwide.

Biography:

Mohammad Nurul Islam received his PhD in Molecular Pharmacology from Tokushima University, Japan, in 2012. Presently, he is an Associate Professor of Pharmacology at the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University. His research interest includes both allergic and diabetic inflammation and co-authored a significant number of research articles and they were published in various recognized journals. He also attended a number of scientific seminars and presentations both nationally and internationally and received good number of awards.

Abstract:

Chronic co-morbidities are substantial in people with diagnosed diabetes where arthritis is nearly twice as likely to co-occur indicating a diabetes-arthritis connection. In this study, the impact of quality of life on the prevalence of arthritis as a co-morbid condition with type 2 diabetes (T2D) was assessed and alteration of lipid biomarkers (HDL, LDL, TG and TC) and liver enzyme (alanine aminotransferase) with this co-morbidity cluster was observed. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 528 T2D patients with and without arthritis as a co-morbid condition. Data was collected using the structured interview with the questionnaire and using retrospective data for a period from February 2016 to July 2016.The correlation of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) with individual lipid indexes and liver enzyme were analyzed among the subjects. Female were more susceptible to arthritis as a co-morbid condition with T2D. Higher BMI was found in cases of patients with arthritis who also had lower tendency to meet the recommended level of physical activity. 74% of patients with arthritis, had uncontrolled HbA1c, p=0.03 as well as their triglyceride and total cholesterol was seen to be elevated, p=0.01, p=0.92 respectively. 54% of the patients with uncontrolled HbA1c were experiencing high LDL (p=0.01). Among the patients with high ALT level, 26% of them exhibited controlled HbA1c and 51% had an uncontrolled HbA1c level (p= 0.01). Patients with diabetes and arthritis co-morbidity faced difficulties to control their HbA1c and this uncontrolled situation further lifted up other biochemical parameters (LDL, TG, TC, ALT) as well.

Biography:

Behling Cheng is an Academic Staff Member of the Biochemistry department, Kuwait University Faculty of Medicine. He served as the Chairman of the Biochemistry department for 14 years (1998-2012) and was as a Member of the Central Committee for medical curriculum reform from discipline-based courses to an integrated organ systems curriculum in 2005. He continues serving as a Member in the Endocrine System Committee for course development and examination. He is currently involved in teaching and research in the areas of Endocrine Biochemistry, Lipid Metabolism and Cell Biology of Aging.

Abstract:

Adrenocortical glomerulosa cells express aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) and synthesize aldosterone. Literature indicates that postnatal glomerulosa cells migrate centripetally and undergo a lineage conversion to fasciculata-like cells. The process is described to take from weeks to months in experimental animals. ACTH stimulation which elevates glucocorticoidogenesis suppresses CYP11B2 gene expression. This study investigated whether repetitive stimulation of rats with ACTH for four consecutive days would affect adrenal tissue distribution and protein level of the enzyme, using immunohistochemistry and Western blot techniques, respectively. The experimental outcomes are summarized as follows: Cells stained for CYP11B2 were localized principally in zona glomerulosa (ZG) of the control. Strikingly, ACTH-stimulation caused pronounced appearance of CYP11B2-stained cells in the inner cortex. Concomitantly, the intensity of staining decreased in ZG. Cells stained for 11β-hydroxylase (CYP11B1) were seen all over the inner cortex, but not in ZG of the control. However, CYP11B1-expressing cells were found in the ZG after ACTH stimulation, reflecting hypertrophy of zonal fasciculata. ACTH-stimulated rats showed comparable CYP11B2 and CYP11B1 protein levels in the adrenal homogenate as the control. The above findings suggest that repetitive ACTH-stimulation accelerates migration of glomerulosa cells into the inner cortex. As a consequence, the inner cortex becomes a mixture of aldosterone-producing cells and corticosterone-producing cells. To the best of our knowledge, this phenomenon has not been reported before.

Biography:

Chirag Prajapati is the Project assistant officer .

Abstract:

Objective: To study the pharmacological evaluation of Lonicera japonioca with reference to metabolic syndrome in order to restore 11β-HSD1 induced endothelial dysfunction in SD rats.

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is multidisciplinary metabolic disorder in which Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension and Obesity are presented jointly. Chlorogenic acid is a major bioactive component in the flower buds of Lonicera japonica having 11β-HSD1 property. 11β-HSD1 induced endothelial dysfunction has been postulated to be a major contributor to the pathogenesis of Metabolic Syndrome.

Methods: Present studies were aimed towards investigating the effectiveness of this LJALE extract against STZ-HFD induced diabetes and associated complications, fructose induced hypertension and HFD induced obesity respectively using SD rats. Parameters like ex vivo 11β-HSD 1 inhibition assay, vascular reactivity study, Nitric Oxide and Peroxynitrile have been measured.

Results: Chlorogenic acid isolated from LJALE could dose dependently inhibit the 11β-HSD1 activity. LJALE attenuate the 11β-HSD1 induced endothelium dysfunction in rats. LJALE treated obese animal reflect significant increased Nitric oxide and decreased Peroxynitrile.

Conclusion: From all above statements, it has been concluded that Lonicera japonica protects SD rats against 11β-HSD1 induced endothelium dysfunction in Metabolic Syndrome.

Biography:

Abstract:

Background: Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among pregnant women is on the increase in sub-sahara Africa. The use of antiretroviral drugs has ameliorated the adverse effect of HIV on pregnancy. The study was to investigate the effect of the antiretroviral drugs on estradiol and progesterone among HIV-infected pregnant women.

Materials & Methods: 120 pregnant women participated in this study which comprised of 60 HIV seropositive at 2^nd trimester, and 60 HIV seronegative throughout the gestation period. The HIV-infected group commenced antiretroviral treatment (Nevirapine, Zidovudine, and Lamivudine) at 2^nd trimester through full term. The serum estradiol/ progesterone levels were estimated at 2^nd and 3^rd trimester of pregnancy of these subjects by ELISA method.

Result: It was observed that there was progressive increase in progesterone and estradiol levels in 2^nd through 3^rd trimester in both groups of women, irrespective of their HIV status. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in progesterone levels between HIV-infected and non-infected groups at 2^nd trimester (210.94±7.04 ng/ml and 222.27±6.81 ng/ml respectively). There was also no significant difference (p > 0.05) in progesterone level in 3^rd trimester between the two groups (HIV–infected group 253.05±6.81 ng/ml, and non-infected group 241.09±5.72 ng/ml). It was observed that the estradiol levels in non-infected group (8,812.85±415.93pg/ml) was significantly higher (p <0.05) than HIV –infected group (5,359.82±260.79 pg/ml) at 2^nd trimester. This significant difference in estradiol levels was also observed in 3^rd trimester between the two groups (non-infected 10.212.50 ±566.76 pg/ml and HIV –infected 7,664.23±268.72 pg/ml).

Conclusion: The significant decline in estradiol level among HIV-infected pregnant women at 2^nd trimester shows that HIV infection significantly reduces the secretion of estradiol. It does not have significant effect on progesterone secretion among these women in second trimester. This indicates that untreated HIV infection can affect development and maintenance of pregnancy in women. The progressive increase in estradiol from 2^nd trimester through 3^rd trimester showed that antiretroviral drugs significantly ameliorate the possible effects of HIV on estradiol, thereby prevent some adverse HIV effects on the pregnancy outcome.

Biography:

Satish Niraula is doing his M.D. from B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Nepal. He compleated his M.B.B.S from Tribhu

Abstract:

Background & Objectives: Owing to increased life expectancy, change of nutrition pattern, opting of sedentary lifestyle, and many other factors prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is rising. Along with diabetes, cardiovascular risk factors associated like obesity, high blood pressure (BP) and dyslipidemia which are collectively termed as Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is also growing. While DM is itself an independent risk factor for development of Cardiovascular Diseases, presence of MetS in DM increases the risk by several folds. This study aims to determine the prevalence of MetS and its components as well as the factors associated with it among Diabetic patients of Eastern Nepal attending GOPD of BPKIHS.

Materials & Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study among new and previously diagnosed diabetic patients attending general OPD of BPKIHS from August 2013 to July 2014. Relevant socio-demographic, lifestyle and clinical information were collected using a semi-structured performa. Revised National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATPIII) definition of metabolic syndrome with ethnic threshold on abdominal obesity was used.

Results: 135 diabetic patients were studied, 116 (85.9%) were found to have MetS, consisting of 56 (48.7%) males and 60 (51.13%) females. 38 (32.76%) participants fulfilled three components, 46 (39.65%) four components while 32 (27.59%) all the five components of MetS as per revised NCEP ATPIII criteria. Regarding each component within the patients having MetS, high waist circumference was present in 109 (94.00%) individuals, followed by high BP in 85 (73.30%), then high triglyceride in 77 (66%) individuals and low HDL in 71 (61.2%) individuals. Lack of dietary control and physical inactivity showed significant association (p=0.003 and 0.042 respectively) with MetS.

Conclusion: The study showed that MetS is highly prevalent among diabetic patients, more common in females, with significant association of lifestyle factors like lack of dietary control and physical inactivity. Among the components of MetS central obesity (as indicated by waist circumference) was the most common followed by high BP.

Biography:

For more than 30 years, Dr. Mongiello, a registered dietitian/nutritionist and a certified diabetes educator, has specialized in public health, nutrition and the prevention and treatment of diabetes. She was the director of the Campaign against Diabetes at The City University of New York (CUNY) and was the director of the Diabetes Care Center at St. Charles Hospital on the North Shore of Long Island, where she implemented a diabetes education program serving more than 500 people annually. Additionally, she had has provided medical nutritional therapy in obesity programs, nursing homes, hospitals, an early intervention program, a dialysis center, pediatric clinics and in private practice. Currently, Dr. Mongiello is a professor in the clinical nutrition and interdisciplinary health sciences departments at New Your Institute of Technology (NYIT) in Old Westbury, New York. Dr. Mongiello received her doctor of public health degree at the CUNY Graduate Center, master’s degree in nutrition and public health at Teacher’s college, Columbia University and bachelor’s degree in food and nutrition science at Lehman College in New York City. Her current research focuses on the social determinates of health and how the environment impacts health behaviors among young adults.

Abstract:

Although the rapid increase of type 2 diabetes is crossing all socio‐economic groups, it is still most prevalent among minorities and the poor. Recent data suggest that non-Hispanic African-American (16.0%) and Mexican-American (15.7%) adults exhibited higher age-adjusted prevalence than non-Hispanic white adults (8.8%). What is also alarming, and less known, is that Asian-Americans are 30-50% more likely to have diabetes than their white counterparts and Asians also develop diabetes at an earlier age and at lower ranges of body mass index (BMI) than other groups.Despite these disturbing numbers, my research of 1600 young adults shows that there is significant variation in the understanding of risk among racial/ethnic groups; only 0.02% of Asians, 14.0% of Hispanics and 22.8% of black college students recognized that their race increased their risk.Explanations for the excess diabetes risk in Asians are unclear; but there is existing evidence that higher rates may be associated with increased insulin resistance, lower abdominal obesity, cardiorespiratory fitness and physical inactivity. These theories and how they impact diabetes prevention and treatment will be presented. Additionally, South Asian men may need to undertake greater levels of moderate physical activity compared to other groups to achieve similar benefits. Because of these differences between Asians, Asian subgroups and other races/ethnicities, specific BMI and exercise standards have been developed for Asians. Applying these Asian-specific standards as well as culturally appropriate nutrition therapy will be discussed.