Day 3 :
- Track 8: Energy Balance and Obesity
Track 9: Treatment and Diagnosis of Endocrine Diseases
Track 10: Surgery
Track 11: Experts and Endocrinologists Meeting
Session Introduction
Andrea Romani
Case Western Reserve University, USA
Title: Increased cortisol production through the H6PD/11-ï¢-HSD1 machinery in Mg2+ deficient liver cells: Role of NF-kB and inflammatory cytokines
Time : 10:00-10:25
Biography:
Dr. Andrea M. P. Romani, MD, PhD, obtained his medical degree from the University of Siena, Italy and his PhD from the University of Turin, Italy. Upon completing his postdoctoral studies under Dr. Scarpa, he joined the faculty in the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, where he is currently Associate Professor. Dr. Romani has published almost 90 peer review articles in high profile journals together with numerous invited reviews and book chapters. He is currently serving as an Editorial Board Member for Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Magnesium Research, World Journal of Gastro-Intestinal Physio-Pathology among others.
Abstract:
Tissue and serum Mg2+ deficiency have been observed in several endocrine pathologies including diabetes and metabolic syndrome, but it is still undefined to which extent an altered Mg2+ homeostasis contributes to the onset of these pathologies and/or their complications. In the present study, we report that Mg2+ deficient hepatocyte exhibit an increased entry of G6P into the endoplasmic reticulum, where the substrate is oxidized by the H6PD to generate NADPH. As H6PD operates in conjunction with 11β-HSD1, the increased level of NADPH is utilized by the latter enzyme to convert inactive cortisone to active cortisol. Administration of cortisone to Mg2+ deficient hepatocytes results in a marked production of cortisol, which in turn enhances gluconeogenesis and alters intrahepatic fatty acid synthesis, thus increasing intrahepatic triglyceride levels. Protein and mRNA expression of H6PD and 11β-HSD1 are both increased 3-4 fold in Mg2+ deficient cells. Mg2+ deficient hepatocytes also exhibit decreased insulin responsiveness, which is further compromised by cortisol production. Returning cellular Mg2+ content to its physiological levels, results in a dramatic decrease in cortisol production, and in the progressive renormalization of expression and activity of H6P, 11β-HSD1, and cortisol-responsive genes. Investigation into the underlying mechanism of action suggest that under Mg2+ deficient conditions 11β-HSD1 expression and activity increase as a consequence of increased nuclear translocation of NF-kB and increased expression of inflammatory cytokines (namely IL-1β and/or TNFα). Taken together, our results suggest that by increasing H6PD and 11β-HSD1 activity and expression, Mg2+ deficiency sets the conditions for an increased intrahepatic production of cortisol and decreased insulin responsiveness. This altered hormonal balance can play a major role in the onset and progression of the metabolic syndrome and its associated complications.
Melissa Johnson
Tuskegee University, USA
Title: The impact of the omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio and green vegetables on inflammatory biomarkers in the spontaneously hypertensive rat
Time : 10:25-10:50
Biography:
Melissa Johnson received her PhD in Integrative Biosciences from Tuskegee University and currently serves as Assistant Professor in the Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences at Tuskegee University. She has published several papers in peer-reviewed journals, as well as served as co-author of chapters in edited books. Her research interests include cardiovascular and other chronic diseases, health promotion, disease prevention, and health disparities.
Abstract:
The relationship between diet and disease has long been established, with certain dietary patterns either enhancing or reducing inflammatory processes that mediate disease risk. Diets with lower omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratios as well as those rich in green, leafy vegetables (GLVs) are often associated with decreased risk. Indicators of inflammatory status such as adiponectin and highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) are responsive to dietary modifications, with higher levels of adiponectin and lower levels of hsCRP indicating less inflammation. Two independent studies were conducted to determine the influence of GLVs (collard greens, purslane, sweet potato greens), incorporated into diets with a 25:1 or 1:3 omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio on plasma adiponectin and hsCRP levels of the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Following 6-weeks consumption of the GLV diets with a 25:1 omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio, plasma adiponectin levels were reduced; hsCRP levels were increased among rats consuming diets containing collard greens and purslane but not sweet potato greens. A desirable increase in plasma adiponectin and decrease in hsCRP were observed following the consumption of GLVs incorporated into diets containing a 1:3 omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio. The findings of these studies suggest the ability of GLVs to influence levels of inflammatory biomarkers, with these vegetables favorably attenuating inflammation in the presence of a 1:3 omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio. Based on their ability to serve as mediators in reducing inflammatory responses, it is expected that these GLVs have implications in reducing risk for both cardiovascular and endocrine diseases.
Philip D. Houck
Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, USA
Title: Applying laws of biology to diabetes with emphasis on metabolic syndrome
Time : 11:10-11:35
Biography:
Philip D. Houck, M.D. MSc. is a cardiologist associate professor of medicine Texas A&M University currently working at Baylor Scott & White Healthcare. He started his academic career in Engineering Science at Penn State University, received an MSc in Biomedical Engineering and MD from Northwestern University. He retired from the Air Force serving at the Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory, School of Aerospace Medicine, and Wilford Hall Medical Center. Research interests include weather and myocardial infarction, increasing circulating stem cells with EECP, electrical remodeling of the heart, peripartum immune disease, lymphatics role in decompensated heart failure, and fundamental laws of biology.
Abstract:
Biology must be consistent with the fundamental laws of physics and chemistry. 2. Life, as opposed to non-living, exhibits negative entropy; developing order out of chaos. (The energy to support negative entropy is yet to be defined.) 3. The cell is the fundamental unit of biology 4. The cell must be in homeostasis with its environment. (This property allows for evolution. The environment changes life.) 5. There must be a distinction between self and the environment. (Immunity and inflammation are the defenses against invaders from the environment and responsible for repair of damaged and senile cells) 6. Electromagnetic information transfer is necessary for development and regeneration. (Life, regeneration of tissue will not exist in a non-electromagnetic environment, denervation) A new model of disease is health exists when degeneration and regeneration are in balance. Inflammation is the fulcrum between the two, being both beneficial in repair and detrimental by promoting degeneration. 1. Insulin in excess (insulin resistance) is a proliferative hormone that promotes abdominal obesity, lipid infiltration of blood vessels, hypertension, and is a precursor to cardiovascular events. 2. Allostasis, the innate drive for energy storage, introduces noise into the metabolic control loops resulting in obesity, and inflammation from excess fat. 3. The microcosm of bacteria influenced by dietary intake mainly carbohydrates is one of the inflammatory triggers that promotes insulin resistance. This model suggests a low inflammatory diet, exercise, and weight loss decreases the proliferative effects of insulin, increases circulating stem cells, and decreases inflammation to maintain health.
Jose Mario F. De Oliveira
Universidade Federal Fluminense, USA
Title: Targets for Diabetes Treatment in Children, Adolescents, Adults and the Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease. What Are We Missing?
Time : 11:35-12:00
Biography:
Dr. Jose Mario Franco de Oliveira is an Associate Professor of Medicine in the Department of Medicine of Universidade Federal Fluminense, in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. He is also one of the Deputy Editors for Diabetes of The British Medical Journal. He has published a number of papers and served as a reviewer or author&co-author for many prestigious medical journals like “Hypertension”, “The American Journal of Hypertension”, “The Journal of the American Society of Nephrology”, “The British Medical Journal”, and the “New England Journal of Medicine. His main interests are in the clinical research of diabetes and hypertension. He is a Certified Preventive Cardiologist, Nephrologist, and Adult Intensive Care Unit Physician,. Finally, Prof de Oliveira, was a Post-Doctoral Clinical&Research Fellow at the Endocrinology-Hypertension-Diabetes Division of the Brigham&Women,s Hospital at Harvard Medical School, in Boston, USA, and is one of the two authors of the recent electronic Diabetes e-book published and edited by the British Medical Journal for All Doctors World-Wide.
Abstract:
In both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseaseas are the leading causes of morbi-mortality in both infancy, adolescense, and adulthood. And this is proved nowaday by a increasing number of new epidemiological data which shows an increase in the risk of cardiovascular events. The evidence from earlier trials have demonstrated that improvement in glycated haemoglobin will reduce the risk of micro vascular disease but there is lack of robust evidence to suggest whether improvement in glycaemic control will have similar beneficial outcomes on macro vascular disease. Also, despite all controversies surrounding the etiology, pathogenesis, and therapeutic role for hyperglycaemia in the mostly common form of diabetes, type 2 diabetes mellitus, newer anti-hyperglycaemic drugs are still getting onto the market at a high speed, due to the confidence in HbA1c as a surrogate outcome for microvascular complications; albeit all large recent randomised clinical trials and meta-analysis have shown that trying to achieve glycaemic levels close to the normal range did not reduce the most clinically important microvascular or macrovascular hard endpoints as end-stage renal disease, vision loss, amputations, strokes, fatal myocardial infarctions, heart failure, cardiovascular and total mortalities, with the added harm of substantial increase in the number of hypoglycaemic episodes. In summary, cardiovascular diseases are stil the number one cause of mortality for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, independent of blood glycaemic levels of control, and wwe do not know the reasons for that, being probably multifactorial.
Beatriz Dal Santo Francisco Bonamichi
Hospital Irmandade Santa Casa de São Paulo, Brazil
Title: The influence of glycated hemoglobin in a study comparing patients who required hospitalization or not.
Time : 12:00-12:25
Biography:
Beatriz is doing her PhD at the Hospital Irmandade Santa Casa de São Paulo, in Brazil, and will do part of her research at Joslin Center Diabetes. She is endocrinologist at Hospital Samaritano, researcher at Endoclinica, and have been presented a few paper at many congress, as well as having been awarded.
Abstract:
Introdution: The glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) has a key role in monitoring of glycemic control for reporting the retrospective index of plasma glucose. Studies show that HbA1c can serve as a parameter for risk evolution to DM complications, but little is known of statistical data in relation to the prognosis of other pathologies. Objective: The objective is to analyze the HbA1c as prognostic and predictive marker for necessity of hospitalization in patients with other diseases. Method: The study was performed in a hospital having a solicitation protocol of HbA1c for all patients with hyperglycemia in the moment of hospitalization. The study carried out in the five years period HbA1c analyzes by HPLC method, outpatient and hospitalized for clinical pathologies unrelated to DM patients. Parameters were set to analyze glycosylated hemoglobin equal to or less than 6.9%, 7 to 9%, and greater than 9%. Statistical differences were considered significant at p <0.05. Results: Evaluated a total of HbA1c in 2433 patients who hospitalization required and 48,164 outpatients in a period of five years. We found greater adherence to the solicitation protocol HbA1c up to date, starting with 300 requests until the last year with 656.The median of HbA1c in the first group were: less than or equal to 6.9%: 57% of patients, between 7-9%: 25.55% and higher than 9%: 17.02%. In outpatients were: less than or equal to 6.9%: 90.58% of patients, between 7-9%: 7.72%, higher than 9%: 1.70%. Discussion: The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) and United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS), determined the use of HbA1c as a laboratory parameter for DM control. In our study, the HbA1c showed significant importance in relation to patients requiring hospitalization or not, demonstrating that can also be used as an independent prognostic tool of the patient's pathology. Conclusion: Patients with high HbA1c have greater need for hospitalization regardless of pathology, having this method as an important marker prognostic of need for hospitalization.
Mu Yuan
Zhejiang University, China
Title: Effects of assisted reproductive technology on the DNA stability and its epigenetic modification in the offspring
Time : 12:25-12:50
Biography:
May.1978-Dec.1982, Zhejiang Medical University, major in clinical medicine with B.Sc. Sep.1985-Jul.1988, Suzhou Medical College, major in medical genetics with M.Sc. Sep.1990-Jun.1991, Visiting scholar at Obstetrics and gynecology in the faculty of medicine, the University of Hong Kong,, research in the prenatal genetic diagnosis, a CMB-HKU scholar. Oct.1997-Nov.1998, Visiting scholar at Obstetrics and gynecology, the University of Adelaide, Australian. Research in the Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) in preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Nov.2002- Nov.2003,Jan.2005-Aug.2005 and Oct.2008-Feb.2009, Visiting scholar at Institute of Endocrinology and Obstetrics and gynecology at MAYO Clinic, America, research in reproductive endocrinology.
Abstract:
Since the birth of Louise Brown, the world’s first in vitro fertilisation (IVF) baby 30 years ago, more than 6 million children have been born worldwide with assisted reproductive technology (ART), and in some countries ART infants account for more than 1% of the birth cohorts (Pinborg et al., 2013). However, the health of the offspring conceived by ART has been a big concern with the increasing application of ART to solving infertility problems for its unnatural conception procedures. The incidences of low birth weight (?) and birth defects (Hansen et al., 2005; Lie et al., 2005) have been found more often among infants conceived by ART. Interference of ART to the gametogenesis and preimplantation embryo development resulted in the alteration of epigenetic reprogramming (Manipalviratn et al., 2009) or genomic stability (Manipalviratn et al., 2009; Feng et al., 2008) , which was deduced to be the causes of abnormalities in ART children. However, the association of ART with de novo genetic aberrations is still in dispute (Caperton et al., 2007; Riccaboni et al., 2008). Dynamic mutation is one type of DNA alteration, distinguished by unstable trinucleotide repeat expansion or contraction (Rosales-Reynoso et al., 2009). Compared with other gene loci, the frequency of dynamic mutation is much higher because its copy number alteration of trinucleotide repeats within a certain range of these genes will not result in any phenotypic change. Thus, the frequencies of dynamic mutations are a relatively sensitive index DNA instability analysis. To determine the stability degree of the dynamic mutation genes in ART offspring, seven common dynamic mutation genes were selected, which include Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA), Huntington disease (HD), Spinobulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), Dystrophia myotonica-protein kinase （DMPK）, Myotonic dystrophy 1 (DM1) and Fragile X syndrome (Fra X). The peripheral blood and umbilical blood were collected from 75 IVF families (75 couples and 100 babies), 72 ICSI families (72 couples and 91 babies) and 99 natural conceived families ( 99 couples and 100 babies). The ratios of dynamic mutation were screened in the IVF and ICSI babies with the naturally conceived babies as the control. 2,466 transmissions were identified in ART offspring, with 2.11% (n=52/2,466) of alleles being unstable. In the control group, the frequency of dynamic mutation was 0.77% (n=10/1,300). Statistical significance was found between the ART group and the control group (P <0.01). The unstable transmission alleles were detected in 32of 1,288 alleles (2.48%) in IVF offspring and 20 of 1,178 alleles (1.70%) in ICSI offspring, both of which were significantly different from naturally conceived babies (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). However, there were no significant differences in the size of mutational repeats, the rates of expansion or contraction among the three groups (P>0.05). The repeat copy numbers of the examined genes in all parents and their babies were found to be within the normal ranges. To further investigate how ART affects the genome instability in the offspring, 52 ART conceived singleton placentas (32 IVF and 20 ICSI) and 32 comparative naturally conceived placentas were collected, and the DNA damage repair associated genes were analysed. Results showed that gene expressions of PMS2, RPA1, XPA, MSH2 and MSH6 were significantly higher in the IVF and ICSI groups than in the control group. Both IVF and ICSI groups showed significant different DNA methylation rate of OGG1, RPA1, PMS2, MSH6 and XPA compared with the natural group. Meantime, the protein expressions of PMS2, MSH6 and MLH1 in the ICSI group were also significantly higher than in the IVF and control groups. Therefore, ART procedures and infertile background could result in mild genomic instability, which could result from the alteration of epigenetic modification like DNA methylation of DNA damage repair associated genes.
Okeke Chukubike U
Federal University of Technology, Nigeria
Title: The effects of HIV infection on pregnancy hormones within 28 weeks of pregnancy
Biography:
Okeke Chukubike U, obtained Ph.D and M.Sc degrees in chemical pathology from Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. He obtained Fellow of Institute of Medical Laboratory Sciences in Hematology and Blood Group Serology in 1999. He have publications in reputable journals. He is currently working as a lecturer in department of Prosthesis and Orthopedic Technology, School of Health Technology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. He has been collaborating with my professional colleagues in laboratory medicine researches. His research interests are endocrinology, metabolic diseases, heamatology and molecular biology.
Abstract:
Background: Pregnancy in HIV-positive women might be associated with at least small increases in risk of adverse maternal outcomes, and these are spontaneous abortion, still birth, foetal abnormality, perinatal mortality, low birth weight, pre-term delivery. These adverse eff ects might be as a result of endocrine abnormalities in HIV patients. This study was carried out to investigate the possible changes in pregnancy hormones of the HIV infected women within the few weeks of pregnancy prior to antiretroviral therapy. Materials & Methods: A total of 120 pregnant women with 28 weeks of pregnancy participated in the study. 60 of them were HIV seropositive, while the rest 60 were HIV sero positive were not or had not commenced antiretroviral therapy before the sample collection. Their serum prolactin, estrodiol, progesterone, beta-human chorionic gonadotropin, was estimated using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay method. Result: It was observed that prolactin and estradiol levels of non-infected pregnant women were signifi cantly higher (p<0.05) than the seropositive pregnant women. The human chorionic gonadotropin and progesterone of the two groups showed no signifi cant change (p>0.05). Conclusion: HIV infection has no eff ect on human chorionic gonadotropin and progesterone but has reducing eff ect on estradiol and prolactin production/metabolism in infected pregnant women. Th is eff ect may aff ect development of the foetus or breast milk production in these women if commencement of antiretroviral therapy is delayed.
Maryam Barzin
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Iran
Title: Abdominal obesity phenotypes and risk of cardiovascular disease in a decade of follow-up: The Tehran lipid and glucose study
Time : 14:15-14:40
Biography:
Maryam Barzin is a general physician and PhD candidate working as a senior researcher for the in Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran since 2008. She has been under the supervision of Prof. Fereidoun Azizi and Prof. Farhad Hosseinpanah for 7 years. She is expert in advanced research methodology and statistical software including SPSS, STATA, SAS and Nodixcel). Her field of interest fields abdominal obesity, childhood obesity, cardiovascular outcomes and bariatric surgery. As she has put a lot of passion, effort and time into my work, she can claim it to be another one of her children for whom she has written more than 20 papers. She has brought the title of the articles below: “Natural course of metabolically healthy abdominal obese adults after 10 years of follow-up: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study” Int J Obes (Lond). 2014 Oct. “Changes in waist circumference and incidence of chronic kidney disease.” Eur J Clin Invest. 2014 May;44(5):470 “Metabolic aspects of different phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome: Iranian PCOS Prevalence Study” Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2014 Jul “Adolescence metabolic syndrome or adiposity and early adult metabolic syndrome” J Pediatr. 2013 Dec.
Abstract:
Objective: Obesity is a heterogeneous condition and risk of related health outcomes in different obesity phenotypes is a controversial subject. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in different abdominal obesity phenotypes during a decade-long follow-up. Methods: In this large population-based cohort, 7122 participants (42.7% men), aged _30 years, from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) were enrolled. Abdominal obesity was defined using national waist circumference cut-off points of ≥89 cm for men and ≥91 cm for women. Metabolic health was defined as<=1 components of metabolic syndrome (excluding waist circumference), using the Joint Interim Statement (JIS) definition. Results: At baseline, 3745 individuals (52.7%) were abdominal obese and 23.5% (n = 881) of these were categorized as “metabolically healthy abdominal obese” (MHAO). A total of 638 CVD events occurred during a median follow-up of 10 years (1999-2011). “Metabolically healthy non-abdominal obese” was considered as the reference group. After adjustment for various variables, MHAO individuals were at increased risk for CVD events compared with the reference group (HR: 1.64, CI: 1.09 -2.47). Both the metabolically unhealthy phenotypes (with and without abdominal obesity) were also at increased risk. We also observed the same pattern using insulin resistance data for categorizing abdominal obesity phenotypes. Conclusion: Abdominal obesity and presence of metabolic derangements are both important risk factors for future CVD. MHAO may not be a benign condition regarding future CVD events, which highlights the importance of prevention and treatment of abdominal obesity, even in the absence of metabolic derangements.
Joshua Barzilay
Emory University School of Medicine, USA
Title: The relationship of hip fractures to markers of microvascular disease
Biography:
Joshua Barzilay, MD, is an endocrinologist in Atlanta GA who works for the Kaiser Permanente of Georgia. He is a professor of medicine in the division of endocrinology at the Emory University School of Medicine. He has published approximately 150 peer-reviewed papers.
Abstract:
The microcirculation plays an important role in bone formation during the ante-natal period. It is not known whether microvascular disease in post-natal life plays a role in impaired bone health, such as osteoporosis. Here we review several epidemiological studies that we have conducted in recent years showing that hip fractures – one the most serious manifestations of osteoporosis - are associated with several markers of microvascular disease: (1) retinal vascular disease, (2) albuminuria, and (3) abnormal white matter volume on a brain MRI. We further show that the presence of albuminuria mediates the association of dementia (a brain disorder related in part to small vessel disease of the brain) with hip fracture risk. These findings, plus recent reports that specialized cells in the osseous microvasculature play an important role in post-natal bone formation, support the hypothesis that extra-osseous microvascular disease may signify the presence of osseous microvascular disease that leads to osteoporotic fractures. Finally, we review radiological studies that show diminished bone perfusion in association with osteoporosis.
Biography:
Mary Cataletto M.D. is Professor of Clinical Pediatrics at SUNY at Stony Brook and a member of the clinical staff at Winthrop University Hospital in Mineola, New York. She serves as chair of the Asthma Coalition of Long Island and as a member of the Children’s Asthma Leadership Coalition. Dr. Cataletto has published and presented on this topic at regional, national and international venues. Dr. Cataletto is editor in chief of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonology, an international and peer reviewed publication of the Mary Anne Liebert Publishers , Inc.
Abstract:
Asthma is one of the most common serious chronic diseases of childhood and the third most common cause of hospitalization among children. This session will review the risk factors for severe asthma and the emergency department management of acute asthma episodes. The EPR-3 treatment algorithm will be discussed and interactive case based scenarios will be incorporated to highlight key messages, including the importance of a team based approach to management of acute asthma episodes.
Claudia Gragnoli
University of Florida, USA
Title: Dopamine-prolactin pathway may contribute to the co-morbidity of SCZ and T2D
Biography:
Dr. Gragnoli is a MD/PhD, who has been working in the genetics of type 2 diabetes and associated phenotypes. She became MD and endocrinologist at the U. La Sapienza of Rome; she obtained her PhD at the U. Tor Vergata of Rome. She is double-board-certified by the American Board of Internal Medicine in Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism. She was a JDFI Fellow at U. of Chicago, NIH Training Fellow at Mass General Hospital and Instructor in Medicine at Harvard Medical School in Boston. She was Assistant Professor in Medicine, Molecular & Cellular Physiology and Public Health Sciences at Penn State. She is an Associate Professor in Medicine at the U. of Florida and Adjunct Associate Professor in Public Health Sciences at Penn State.
Abstract:
Schizophrenia (SCZ) and type-2 diabetes (T2D) are clinically associated, and common knowledge attributes this association to side effects of antipsychotic treatment. However, even drug-naïve patients with SCZ are at increased risk for T2D. Dopamine dysfunction plays a central role in SCZ. It is well-known that dopamine constitutively inhibits prolactin (PRL) secretion via the dopamine receptor 2 (DR2D). If dopamine is increased or dopamine receptors hyper-function, PRL may be reduced. During the first SCZ episode, low PRL levels are associated with worse symptoms. PRL is essential in human and social bonding as well as it is implicated in glucose homeostasis. Dopamine dysfunction, beyond contributing to SCZ symptoms, may lead to altered appetite and T2D. To our knowledge, there are no studies of the genetics of the SCZ-T2D comorbidity focusing jointly on the dopamine and PRL pathway in the attempt to capture molecular heterogeneity correlated to possible disease manifestation heterogeneity. We propose new studies to establish the genetic role of PRL and dopamine pathway in SCZ-T2D co-morbidity.
Jose Figueiredo
State University of Ceara, Brazil
Title: Embryo production from in vitro grown caprine preantral follicles using three dimensional follicle culture matrix.
Biography:
Jose Figueiredo is working in the State University of Ceara
Abstract:
In vitro culture of preantral follicles provides a valuable tool to study early folliculogenesis including the the critical and complex interactions regulating follicle and oocyte development and may also have implications for fertility preservation. Goats are considered suitable models for human. In fact, follicular development in the adult goat (i.e. ,10 weeks) was the closest to that observed in adult women. The aim of this study was to establish a culture system that improves the in vitro development of isolated caprine preantral follicles. In a first experiment we determined the optimal concentration of alginate (ALG). In a subsequent experiment we investigated the effects of the multiple follicle culture and the type of hydrogel (ALG, fibrin-alginate [FA] and hyaluronate [HA]) on the in vitro follicular development. For this, secondary follicles (200µm) were encapsulated or not (control) in ALG (0.25%, 0.5% or 1%) and cultured for 18 days and the recovered oocytes were destined for in vitro maturation. Estradiol and progesterone were measured and the mRNA levels of CYP19A1 and 3βHSD were quantified. Yet, follicles were cultured individually or in group (n=5), in multiple ALG beads or in the same bead, for 18 days. Next, follicles were encapsulated or not (control) in ALG, FA or HA and cultured for 18 days. Estradiol and progesterone were measured and the mRNA levels of CYP19A1, 3βHSD, Cx43, Cx37, MMP-9 and TIMP-2 were quantified. Finally, groups of 5 follicles were encapsulated in FA and cultured for 30 days. The in vitro matured oocytes were parthenogenetically activated. ALG 0.25% improved the antrum formation, growth, hormone production, gene expression of CYP19A1 and 3βHSD and the meiotic resumption compared to the others ALG concentrations (P<0.05). The culture of 5 follicles in the same ALG bead significantly enhanced follicular diameter compared to the individual culture, and antrum formation and meiotic resumption in relation to the culture in group in individual ALG beads. Follicles cultured in FA grew progressively until day 18 and generated mature oocytes. The hormone secretion was higher in follicles encapsulated in hydrogels (P<0.05). mRNA levels for all genes evaluated, except for CYP19A1, were similar between the FA group and uncultured antral follicles. 8-cell embryos were obtained after parthenogenetic activation of oocytes from follicles cultured in FA for 30 days. In conclusion, ALG 0.25% improved the in vitro development of goat preantral follicles. The encapsulation of 5 follicles in the same FA bead improved oocyte maturation which, after parthenogenetic activation, resulted in an 8-cell embryos.
Leonardo Romano Torres
University General Hospital of Puebla, Mexico
Title: Advantages of neuromonitoring during surgery of thyroid and parathyroid
Biography:
Leonardo Romano Torres MD : Assistant General and Endocrine Surgeon. General Hospital Puebla (México). Post Graduate Studies in Endocrine surgery (Masters degree) at the Catholic University of Rome- Agostino Gemelli in Rome Italy at the age of 35 years, continuing The Same at The Hospital Universitario del Mar in Barcelona Spain (fellowship degree)
Abstract:
Surgery for thyroid and thyroid has changed in recent years. Since the study published by Lahey 1938, the rate of disphonia decreased considerably. Multiple studies support this technique like the Study of Hermann in 2002 with more than 27 thousand nerves studied, as the Ridell ,s in the 50, s decade ; however this technical direction has not been enough to Prevent Damage to the RLN (recurrent laryngeal nerve) , And Avoid Causing Dysphonia that decrease Quality of Life of Patients. Dysphonia is the cause of More Frequent medical Lawsuits in thyroid and para thyroid surgery. The rate of temporary RLN injuries ranging between 5 -10%, and The Permanent Between 1-2%. There are several factors That may condition NLR mayor Exposure and Risk for Injury Patients As For example: Giant goiter, Lymphadenectomy, hyperthyroidism, Thyroid Carcinoma, Re-operations. Exist Other Circumstances as the anatomical variants RLN which exposed a mayor injury rate Such as: bifurcations, trifurcations (extra-laryngeal branches). As the Study of Sitges Serra and J. Sancho (BJS Published in 2006) is based. The neuro-monitoring has proven useful Significant decreasing rate of RLN injury in some Studies. Also has great help in other aspects of thyroid and para thyroid surgery. Neuromonitoring of the RNL is a technique that brings Benefits Such as: • Aid Identification of the RLN. • Aid RLN dissection. • Decreased post-operative dysphonia Rate in Patients with higher risk. • Diagnosis intraoperative of RLN injury. • Legal -Medical support. • Neurophysiological nerve support during surgery.
Sofia Guerreiro
Setubal Medical Center, Portugal
Title: The non-recurrent laryngeal nerve: An anatomical “trapâ€
Biography:
Sofia Guerreiro is a in General Surgery Chief Resident in Setúbal Medical Center, Portugal and is a member of Portuguese Endocrinology Society (SPEDM) and Portuguese Surgery Society (SPCIR). She works in Setúbal Medical Center, in General Surgery Department – Endocrine Surgery Unit which is mainly focused in thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal diseases and also neuroendocrine tumors.
Abstract:
The existence of anatomic variants in the path of the inferior laryngeal nerve (ILN) is an additional reason to enhance their preoperative identification. One of these variants is the nonrecurrent inferior laryngeal nerve (NRILN) whose incidence ranges from 0.3% to 1.6% for the right and it is approximately 0.04% for the left. Its presence on the right is a consequence of a right subclavian artery variant that arises directly from the aortic arch behind the esophagus. Therefore, the absence of recurrence of the inferior laryngeal nerve results from an embryological variant. NRILN incidence is very rare, but when present, increases the risk of damage during thyroidectomy. Preoperative imagiologic diagnosis of arteria lusoria and dysphagia lusoria may suggest its presence. We describe a patient without dysphagia but with NRILN which was an incidental discovery through CT scan. We present this case because it highlights this anatomical variant. There are auxiliary methods that allow intra-operatory identification, as intraoperative neuro-monitoring (IONM). The knowledge of NRILN presence and a correct surgical technique minimize morbidity.
Miguel Angel Guagnelli
Asociacion Medica Centro Medico, Mexico
Title: Adult osteoporosis as a pediatric disease An approach to bone health for pediatric endocrinologists
Biography:
I'm a Pediatric Endocrinologist, trained in Mexico City and Barcelona. My area is growth and development, diabetes in children, thyroid diseases, puberty, obesity, bone metabolism and everything related to hormones in children. My practice is located in the American British Cowdray Medical Center and inthe northern part of Mexico City
Abstract:
We acquire most of the bone mineral density before we reach the 30 years of age and then it starts declining at different rates for different people but almost inevitably. Most of the bone accrual actually takes place during the pediatric age and many factors may alter it, with consequences not evident until many years later. Therefore during recent years the focus of osteoporosis study has widened not only to prevent bone loss but to promote bone health during infancy, puberty and young adult ages. As the knowledge on pediatric bone density has widened, the definition of osteoporosis in such population has changed from the WHO description for adults and its measure is made as a Z-score instead of a T-score, with different considerations taken into account. Several tools have been used for this matter, including the widely used Dual-Energy X-ray Absortiometry (DXA) as well as central and peripheral tomography and ultrasound, to name a the better known. Using them, a number of countries have developed curves of normality in their pediatric population in order to have reference data to compare such cases in which a lower density is suspected due to disease, nutrition or some other risk factors. Among these, low consumption or absorption of calcium and vitamin D are the most frequent and relatively easy to prevent in one end, congenital severe diseases altering the bone on the other and chronic diseases and treatment of oncologic diseases in the middle of the range of possible skeletal alterations. New tools have been developed to have a better look not only of the mineral contents of the bone, but also to have a better insight of the trabecular and cortical structure of the bone while trying to minimize the radiation exposure of this, a particularly susceptible group. Peripheral quantitative computerized tomography (pQCT) for long bones and Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) for vertebrae using conventional DXA have found great acceptance and are gathering data which may lead during the following years to improve general bone health during childhood and prevent osteoporosis from an earlier age.
Kiran V Sandhu
Otto-von-Guericke University, Germany
Title: Phytoestrogen, as a treatment in the psychiatric condition with altered social and emotional behaviors
Biography:
Kiran V. Sandhu has completed PhD in 2015 from Department of Genetics and Molecular Neuroscience, from Otto-von-Guericke University Germany and currently working carrying own research in the same Department . She is working extensively on the endocrine aspect of psychiatric disorders and role of phytoestrogen as a treatment to ablate psychiatric symptoms. She is working extensively to promote science to kids.
Abstract:
Dietary phytoestrogens affects spectrum of social, emotional and cognitive behavior with beneficial effects towards anxiety and affective disorders. Here, I reported the effect of phytoestrogens in the regulation of social and emotional behavior which is often known to be affected in psychiatric condition. Additionally, the role of phytoestrogens in the regulation of Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), a rate-limiting enzyme which is often associated with various psychiatric disorders. Phytoestrogens were dietary administered post-weaning through commercial diet consisting each of 150 mg/kg Daidzein and Genistein. Male mice showed disturbance in social and emotional behavior when phytoestrogen was removed from their diet for a period of 6 weeks. These animals showed disrupted social behavior, aggression and altered urine marking pattern. They also displayed reduced sensitivity to both social and non-social odors. In the fear-memory-paradigm the male mice showed altered freezing response to the contextual paradigm. Further, I investigated the role of phytoestrogens in the regulation of GAD. High resolution microdissection showed increase in GAD67 and 65 expression with phytoestrogens. GAD67-GFP quantification showed a similar increase in gene activity in different subregions of amygdala with phytoestrogens in GAD67+/- male mice. Thus the output therefore suggests, phytoestrogens as a possible treatment for various psychiatric disorders like Schizophrenia, Autism and Bipolar disorders with altered social and emotional behaviors.
Marijke de Cock
VU University,The Netherlands
Title: Early life exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals and child health
Biography:
I'm a Pediatric Endocrinologist, trained in Mexico City and Barcelona. My area is growth and development, diabetes in children, thyroid diseases, puberty, obesity, bone metabolism and everything related to hormones in children. My practice is located in the American British Cowdray Medical Center and inthe northern part of Mexico City
Abstract:
Exposure to environmental chemicals starts already in the prenatal period, as chemicals present in the body of the mother may pass the placenta. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are of particular concern as hormones are involved in many processes during development. We examined if there were associations between early life exposure to EDCs and growth in early childhood (birth weight, and growth during the first year after birth), as well as with thyroxine (T4) levels at birth, in a newly recruited prospective mother-child cohort in the Netherlands. High perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and high dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) exposure were associated with higher birth weight, although for DDE this was only observed in male children. For mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl)phthalate (MECPP) on the other hand, low exposures in particular were associated with higher birth weights in girls. Low exposure to MECPP was furthermore associated with a higher BMI during the first year, both in boys and in girls. Similar effects were observed for low mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl)phthalate (MEOHP) exposure in boys. Moreover, for most compounds boys showed an increase in BMI between six and eleven months of age. Exposure levels of DDE which were associated with both a relatively high birth weight and BMI later in life, also showed a relatively high T4 level, independent of gender. Furthermore exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was positively associated with T4 levels in girls. We conclude that for various EDCs effects on all studied health outcomes were apparent, and that associations were non-monotonic as well as gender-specific. Follow-up is required to assess long-term effects and to face the challenge of mixture-effects.
Ming-Sheng Zhou
Liaoning Medical University, China
Title: Role of Ang II activation of NFkB in development of endothelial dysfunction and skeletal muscle insulin resistance in salt-sensitive hypertension
Biography:
Ming-Sheng Zhou, M.D. & Ph. D., FAHA, is professor and chairman at department of physiology in Liaoning Medical University, China. He has completed his Ph. D. from Kagawa Medical University Japan and postdoctoral training from University of Minnesota and University of Miami. He was the faculty member of Miller School of Medicine University of Miami. His research interest focuses on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of vascular injury in hypertensive and metabolic diseases. He has published more than 50 papers in peer-reviewed journals in cardiovascular medicine and has been serving as an editorial board member of several medical journals.
Abstract:
Insulin resistance is highly prevalent in patients with essential hypertension, particularly those with salt-sensitivity (SS), and frequently progress to type II diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, there are still critical gaps in our knowledge of the mechanisms that lead to the development of insulin resistance in SS hypertension. Recent studies have underscored the importance of heightened activation of the renin-angiotensin system, oxidative stress and inflammation in promoting insulin resistance and CVD. Using Dahl SS rat, a paradigm of human SS hypertension characterized by CVD and insulin resistance, we have demonstrated that in SS hypertension, despite low plasma renin levels, there is an upregulation of local Ang II action that contributes to increased NADPH oxidase-derived ROS production and activation of NFï«B associated with impaired insulin activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway in the vasculature and skeletal muscle. Furthermore, we have shown that treatment with angiotensin receptor 1 blocker candesartan, antioxidant tempol or NFï«B inhibitor PTDC improved endothelial function, vascular injury and insulin signaling molecules through PI3K pathway, reduced ROS production and NFï«B activation in the vasculature and skeletal muscle. PCR array showed that eight genes among 84 target genes related to obesity, insulin resistance and inflammation were altered in the soleus muscle of hypertensive rats, which were reversed by specific peptide inhibitor of NFï«B SN50. These results suggest that activation of the NFï«B inflammatory pathway by endogenous Ang II-ROS plays critical role in the development of endothelial dysfunction, skeletal muscle insulin resistance in SS hypertension.
June-Woo Park
Korea Institute of Toxicology, korea
Title: Estrogenic potency of bisphenol S, polyethersulfone and their metabolites generated by the rat liver S9 fractions on a MVLN cell using a luciferase reporter gene assay
Biography:
Dr. June-Woo Park has completed his PhD from Michigan State University and postdoctoral studies from University of Tennessee, Knoxville. He is a senior scientist of Korea Institute of Toxicology, a national research institute of toxicological studies. He has published more than 28 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of New Journal of Science: Toxicology.
Abstract:
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an applied chemical that is used in many industrial fields and is a potential endocrine disruption chemical (EDC) that is found in the environment. Bisphenol S (BPS) and polyethersulfone (PES) have been suggested as putative BPA alternatives. In this study, the estrogenic potency induced by the binding of 17-beta-estradiol (E2), BPA, BPS, PES and their metabolites formed by the rat liver S9 fraction to the human estrogen receptor (ER) was estimated. We used an in vitro bioassay based on the luciferase reporter assay in MVLN cells to evaluate the estrogenic activity of 17-beta-estradiol (E2), BPA, BPS, PES (E2: 0.001 to 0.3 nM; BPA, BPS and PES: 0.0001 to 5 microM) and their metabolites (E2: 0.05 microM; BPA, BPS and PES: 0.1 mM) according to incubation times (0, 20 and 40 min). After chemical treatment to MVLN cells for 72 hrs, and the cell viability and luciferase intensity induced were estimated, from which the estrogenic activity of the chemicals tested was evaluated. BPA and BPS induced estrogenic activity whereas PES did not show any estrogenic activity in the concentrations tested. In an in vitro assay of metabolites, BPA metabolites displayed comparable estrogenic activity with BPA and metabolites of both BPS and PES showed increasing estrogenic activity. The results suggest that the metabolites of BPS and PES have estrogenic potential and the need for the assessment of both chemicals and their metabolites in other EDC evaluation studies. The estrogenic potency of PES and its metabolites is the first report in our best knowledge.