Female Reproductive Endocrinology

Hormonal interaction between the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary gland, and ovaries regulates the female reproductive system. The hypothalamus secretes a small peptide, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), also known as luteinizing hormone releasing hormone. GnRH regulates release of the gonadotropins luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from specialized cells (gonadotropes) in the anterior pituitary gland. These hormones are released in short bursts every 1 to 4 hours. LH and FSH promote ovulation and stimulate secretion of the sex hormones estradiol and progesterone from the ovaries.

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