Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

Adrenal Gland Disorders

Adrenal gland disorders involve dysfunctions in the adrenal glands, which produce essential hormones like cortisol, aldosterone, and adrenaline. Common conditions include Addison's disease, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, weight loss, and low blood pressure. Conversely, Cushing's syndrome results from excessive cortisol, causing weight gain, hypertension, and glucose intolerance. Pheochromocytomas, tumors of the adrenal medulla, produce excess adrenaline, leading to hypertension and palpitations. Primary hyperaldosteronism, or Conn's syndrome, involves overproduction of aldosterone, causing high blood pressure and low potassium levels. Diagnosis typically involves hormonal assays, imaging studies, and, in some cases, adrenal biopsy. Treatment varies based on the disorder but may include hormone replacement therapy, surgical intervention, or medications to manage hormone levels and alleviate symptoms. Early detection and tailored management are crucial for improving patient outcomes and quality of life.