Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

Thyroid Disorders: Diagnosis and Management

Thyroid disorders, including hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, impact a wide range of bodily functions. Accurate diagnosis begins with evaluating symptoms, such as fatigue, weight changes, or temperature sensitivity, and confirming with thyroid function tests (TSH, T3, T4) and imaging studies if needed. Hypothyroidism, characterized by an underactive thyroid, is typically managed with synthetic thyroid hormone replacement, while hyperthyroidism, marked by an overactive thyroid, may require antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery. Regular monitoring of thyroid function and adjusting treatment based on clinical response and lab results are essential for effective management. For autoimmune conditions like Graves' disease or Hashimoto's thyroiditis, addressing underlying immune dysfunction and managing symptoms are key. Personalized treatment plans and ongoing follow-up ensure optimal thyroid health and mitigate potential complications.