Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

Gut Hormones and Glucose Regulation

Gut hormones play a crucial role in regulating glucose metabolism and maintaining blood sugar levels. Key hormones include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), which are released in response to food intake. GLP-1 enhances insulin secretion from the pancreas, inhibits glucagon release, and slows gastric emptying, contributing to better glucose control. GIP also stimulates insulin secretion but is less impactful on glucose regulation compared to GLP-1. Additionally, the hormone ghrelin influences hunger and glucose metabolism. Dysregulation of these hormones can contribute to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Recent advances in diabetes management include GLP-1 receptor agonists, which mimic the effects of GLP-1, improving glycemic control and aiding weight loss. Understanding and targeting gut hormone pathways offer promising strategies for managing and treating diabetes and other metabolic disorders.