Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

Endocrine Emergencies

Endocrine emergencies are acute conditions resulting from severe hormonal imbalances that require immediate medical intervention. Common endocrine emergencies include diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS), both complications of diabetes characterized by dangerously high blood glucose levels and metabolic disturbances. Adrenal crisis, stemming from acute adrenal insufficiency, presents with severe fatigue, hypotension, and electrolyte imbalances, necessitating urgent corticosteroid administration. Thyroid storm, a life-threatening exacerbation of hyperthyroidism, can cause severe symptoms like fever, tachycardia, and delirium. Additionally, severe hypoglycemia, often due to excessive insulin or oral diabetes medications, can lead to confusion, seizures, or loss of consciousness. Rapid diagnosis and treatment are critical in these emergencies, involving fluid resuscitation, electrolyte correction, and specific hormonal therapies. Prompt intervention and management are essential to prevent complications and improve patient outcomes in endocrine emergencies.