Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age, characterized by irregular menstrual cycles, elevated androgen levels, and polycystic ovaries visible on ultrasound. Symptoms often include acne, hirsutism (excessive hair growth), and weight gain. PCOS is also associated with insulin resistance, which can lead to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular issues. The exact cause of PCOS is unknown, but genetic and environmental factors likely contribute. Diagnosis is typically based on clinical symptoms, hormonal assessments, and imaging studies. Management focuses on symptom relief and includes lifestyle modifications like diet and exercise to address insulin resistance and weight management. Medications such as oral contraceptives can regulate menstrual cycles and reduce androgen levels, while metformin may improve insulin sensitivity. Addressing PCOS comprehensively helps manage symptoms and reduce long-term health risks.